From Molecules to Mind: Farzaneh Najafi Receives Multiple Awards for Cognitive Research

In psychology and neuroscience research, a host of behaviors fall under the cognitive umbrella: learning, perceiving the environment, storing memories, and making decisions are just a few. Much like binary code underpins complex computational processes, researchers have long been searching for the molecular mechanisms that enable cognition.

Farzaneh Najafi, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Biological Sciences(SBS) , recently received multiple awards that will enable her to dig deeper into the molecular origins of cognitive processes, with the help of interdisciplinary teams.

“If we want to understand cognition, we really have to start small: at the level of molecules, genes, and the genome, and then work our way up to systems, behavior, and cognition,” says Najafi. “Impactful discoveries happen when people from different disciplines come together and collaborate. That’s how we make real breakthroughs.”

Two of her recent awards stem from the third and final year of the Scialog: Molecular Basis of Cognition initiative. Funded by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement (RCSA), the Frederick Gardner Cottrell Foundation, and the Walder Foundation, this initiative has provided 48 multidisciplinary teams with more than $2.4 million to advance this area of research.

“It’s exciting that Farzaneh has won not just one, but two team-based Scialog awards,” said SBS School Chair Jeffrey (Todd) Streelman. “Solving big problems in neuroscience often requires teams, and Farzaneh is well-placed to apply this in her research program.”

With additional funding from the Whitehall Foundation and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Najafi is set to lead several interdisciplinary projects to uncover the role of the cerebellum and neocortex (the brain’s outer layer) across distinct cognitive processes. 

“At the end of the day, the goal is to develop effective therapeutics,” says Najafi, whose work has long aimed to better understand and treat psychiatric and neurological disorders. “To develop targeted treatments, we have to identify the molecules that are at the core of these cognitive processes.”

Deeper than thought

Throughout her career, Najafi has focused on how the brain makes and uses predictions to influence learning and behavior, with a particular focus on an area in the back of the brain called the cerebellum.

“Without those predictions, our perceptions and actions would be significantly delayed, which could impact our survival,” explains Najafi. “Learning happens when we update those predictions to better align with the world around us.”

Najafi will bring that cerebellar expertise to two collaborative teams with the Scialog initiative.

Working with researchers from Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University, one of Najafi’s Scialog projects will focus on how sleep deprivation alters the 3D structure of genetic material in different species’ cerebellum— and investigate potential mechanisms to reverse those changes. 

Her second project, in collaboration with researchers from University of California San Francisco and Duke University, explores how the brain chemical norepinephrine affects cerebellar activity across species. This research aims to understand the cerebellum's role in behavioral flexibility and adaptation, revealing how these chemical signals influence various brain functions.

Working across disciplines

Formed at the October 2024 Scialog meeting, Najafi’s two collaborative teams are part of an RCSA initiativethat unites early career scientists in advancing basic science and developing high-risk, high-reward research projects. The Scialog: Molecular Basis of Cognition initiative, begun in 2022, annually gathered around 50 early career researchers to create collaborative proposals.

“The best part of the Scialog meeting was connecting with people from all kinds of disciplines. They worked with different species, used a variety of experimental and computational tools, and some attendees came from non-neuroscience backgrounds,” says Najafi. “I had no idea that these were the topics I was going to write about — they only came about because of the inspiring conversations I had at the meeting. I really loved the experience.”

Both Scialog teams are highly interdisciplinary, with researchers bringing expertise in different techniques and species to the team. Even within her own lab, Najafi attributes impactful research to interdisciplinary teams.

“The only way to solve big questions in neuroscience is through an interdisciplinary approach,” says Najafi, who is affiliated with two Interdisciplinary Research Institutes (IRI) at Georgia Tech: the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and the Neuro Next Initiative, a nascent IRI in neuroscience and society. “What’s great about Georgia Tech is its strong emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration. With these research institutes, the infrastructure is already in place, and they're actively working to expand it.”